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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy also referred to a proxy server, a software that acts as an intermediary between client and a server on the internet. Without proxy, a user can send a request directly to a server while the server will provide the resource directly back for the client. Although this method is easy to comprehend and utilize, using proxies has benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security layer for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the system of server hardware coupled with proxy software installed is also often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on the types of proxies that are typically thought to be software, specifically, in relation to web servers. The article will offer a description of two types that are available, including a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own application, and is often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of the types of proxy and the subtypes they are, as well as how they function in various configurations. In this guide, you'll be able to identify situations in which a proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct solution between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes called an open proxy, serves as an intermediary for clients trying to make a connection via the internet to an source server. In this scenario, the entire process of sending requests from the user is made through the forward proxy. Forward proxy that acts as a substitute as the customer, is able to examine into the request. At the beginning, it will decide if this client can accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client is not allowed directly access to internet. It has access to only what the forward proxy permits the client to connect.




A common use case of forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as the client, and in that process it can use an alternative IP address in addition to the client's initial IP address.




Depending on how it has been configured according to the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions and permit you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that rely on central security as well as permission-based access, such as at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to grant access to only a few people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on the layer of clients which can be used by several computer systems with different configurations and users and environments, a firewall can be set up at the proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxies must be configured manually and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Depending on the type the IP address that a user is transmitted to the server where it was received through the forward proxy, anonymity and privacy could be granted or not.




There are several possibilities to look into for forward proxy possibilities:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open source forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server system. It is possible to refer to our step-by-step guide on how to install Squid proxy to enable private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to know how to setup a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to a web server, handling incoming requests from customers on its behalf. The web server could function as a single server or as a series of servers. It could also be used for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any case the request will be made from the Internet at large. Most often the request would go directly to the server with what the client wants. However, reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, securing the server from direct communication via the web's public.




From the consumer's point perspective, the experience of working using reverse proxy isn't much different than using the server itself. It's exactly the same but the client can't discern the difference. The client is able to request the resource, and is provided with it, with no further configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide options like:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


The direction of traffic coming in is according to the rules you establish.


The caching feature is now available to users.




While central security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxies, reverse proxies provide this service to the web server layer but not the client layer. instead of having to maintain firewalls on Web server layers that could include several servers that have different configurations, most of firewall security can be concentrated at reverse proxy layers. In addition, removing the hassle of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from customers outside of web servers permits them to focus on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers operating in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also manages the requests to which server. There may be many web servers that provide the identical service, but each providing different kinds of resources, or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol to function as a traditional web server. But, they may also be using application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy settings to send users to a specific server based on the service requested, or to follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their position prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be set with caching rules to ensure that they avoid Web servers from being hit on every request. Certain software solutions let you offer static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also be an effective reverse proxy solution. You can also use the Apache web server with reverse proxy features, it is an additional option to Apache while Nginx was initially designed and is specifically focused on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxy can handle both requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful when building an application to run web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers for all interactions over the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed before customers for your personal use or within a corporate environment. They are a representation of the customer's data every time you use the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on common names can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy that has two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use as well as an examination of the most useful features were used to define the two types of proxies which are reverse and forward. If you're interested to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, then we suggest you read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx for use as a web server as well as reverse proxy in Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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