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The term "proxy" is a reference to a proxy or proxy server is a software that sits acting as a mediator between client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, a user would make a request for a service direct to a server, and it would deliver the resource directly towards the customer. It is easy to comprehend and implement, the addition of proxies offers advantages that include improved security, performance, privacy, and much more. As a pass-through layer, proxies are a way to secure the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combination of server hardware along with installed proxy software is also commonly called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described in terms of software and ones that work to complement web servers. The article will offer an explanation of two types, namely forward proxy and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own terminology that could be confusing because of the overlap in terminology.




This article will provide an understanding of nature of proxies and their subtypes, as well as their value in the typical setups. If you go through this article, you'll be able recognize scenarios where an effective proxy can be advantageous, and decide on the best option for you between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words forward proxy also called or an open proxy is an agent for an individual user trying to make requests online to an server. In this situation every attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be directed via the forward proxy. In this case, the forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will look into the request. At the beginning it will determine if it is allowed to send requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it can either reject requests or redirect them to the source server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly and has access only to what the forward proxy permits for it to join.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is for more privacy or security online. Forward proxy accesses the internet for the individual client. And during this manner, it may utilize an IP address that is different from the IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been set up, a forward proxy can offer a range of capabilities, including the capability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies also are employed in systems to offer central security and access based on permissions, such as, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy, the administrator can restrict only a small number of users online access that is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for this layer that could be used by multiple computer with various configurations and users and environments the firewall can be added to the forward proxy layer.




Be aware the fact that forward proxy servers must be manually set up before they are able to be used and reverse proxies can be disregarded by clients. Based on whether or not an IP address from the user is transferred to the server that is being used through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a variety of options to take into consideration for forward proxies.




Apache The Apache is a well-known open-source web server which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source web server that has forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open source forward proxy utilizing the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the complete web server system. You can check out our guide on the best way to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs using the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it better suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You could also look into how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves to act as an agent of a web server and handles requests made by customers on its behalf. This web server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In either case, the request might be made by a user of the internet at large. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the server on the internet that has the information the user is seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, isolating the web server from direct interaction with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user, working using reverse proxy isn't any different than interacting directly with an internet server. It's exactly the same, but clients aren't able to tell the distinction. The client requests an item and receives it without extra configuration required for the customer.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules that you set up.


Additional features for caching.




Although central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxies, reverse proxies provide this benefit to the layer that is on the webserver and not the client layer. Instead of focusing on sustaining firewalls on the server level which could comprise several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating requests by clients away from web servers allows the firewall to focus on providing the required resources.




If there are multiple servers operating behind a reverse proxy the reverse proxy may be also in charge of directing which requests go towards which servers. Multiple web servers might be operating within the same system, each serving different kinds of services or a combination of the two. The servers employ their HTTP protocol to function as an ordinary web server. However, they could also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to direct the clients towards specific servers in accordance with the resource requested or to follow certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also be able to take advantage of their positioning ahead of web servers by using caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with each request, with some solutions that allow you to serve static content directly, without having to connect to the website server at all. Additionally, the reverse proxy can be capable of compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a powerful reverse proxy solution. While Apache is a reverse proxy service and this Apache webserver also comes with reverse proxy functions, which is an additional option for Apache and Nginx was originally designed to and focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false connections with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the names could be confusing because both types of proxies can manage requests as well as responses. The best method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to think about the requirements of the application that you are developing.




A reverse proxy could be useful when you are creating an application that can serve web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction on the Internet.




A forward proxy is helpful when presented to customers for your own usage or even in a corporate setting. They are your client's representative in all interactions via the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on common naming conventions will help you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what is a "proxy" is, with two main types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and an exploration of useful features were used to distinguish between two kinds of proxy that are reverse and forward. If you're interested exploring how to make proxies work, check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse and web server proxy on Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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