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An proxy also referred to the proxy server, is a software that serves as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients will send a request directly to the server and it would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this process is simple to understand and implement using proxies, it can bring benefits in the form of increased performance and privacy, security and much more. In addition to providing a layer of protection proxy functions as a security guard for the internet, separating servers and users.




It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware with installed proxy software is generally called proxy servers. In this article, we will examine proxy servers which are usually classified as software and also within the context of web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: a forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the similar name convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well as their significance in common setups. By reading the article you'll understand how to recognize the situations in which an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct solution in between reverse and forward proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also known as an open proxy acts as an intermediary between the client who is trying to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every attempt to send requests made by the user will be routed straight via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the place of the client will examine the request. It will first decide if the client's permitted access to requests made by this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the original server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It is able to access only what the forward proxy allows it access to.




A very frequent uses for forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as the client, and in that process, it will use an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it is configured based on the way it's configured, forward proxy may offer different features depending upon the configuration and allows you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographical area.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security and access to users based on permissions, for instance at the workplace. Internet traffic can go via an open forward proxy, administrators can limit access to specific clients to the internet that is protected by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines with various configurations and users, you can have a firewall at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Take note the forward proxy setting need to be set manually for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be not considered in the eyes of the user. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to a user is transmitted to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Check out our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to examine how you can configure Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as the web server that handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server may represent a single or a number of servers. It could additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes by a user on the internet. Most of the time requests are directed directly to the web server along with the information that the client wants. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and isolates your server from interaction with the internet's open.




From the point of view of the individual client's point of view the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't any different than using a Web server to communicate in direct communication. It's the same thing however the client can't tell the distinction. The client requests an item, and it is then followed by the receipt without the need for any extra configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxies provide functions like:




A central layer of security to guard the server.


Incoming traffic is directed on the rules you determine.


New feature added to caching.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies do this feature to just the layer of web servers but not to the client layer. In lieu of focussing on maintenance of firewalls at the server level which can contain a variety of servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and communicating with clients distant from web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers that are connected via reverse proxy reverse proxy is responsible to direct which requests go via which server. There could be multiple web servers providing identical content, but providing different services, or a mix of the two. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol, which is a typical web server, but can include different protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their location over web servers, as they have the ability to cache information. Large static assets can be configured with caching policies to avoid the web server from being hit with every request. Some solutions providing the option to directly serve static assets without contacting Web servers in any form. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. However, an equivalent feature available in the Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing because both kinds of proxies process requests and responses. The best method of separating between a forward and reverse proxy is to research the requirements of the app that you're building.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to serve web applications via the internet. They represent your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy are helpful when displayed in front of customers for your personal use or in a business environment. They represent your client traffic when they interact with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified what aproxy is and the two primary types that are forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the benefits were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about implementation of proxies then you should check out our tutorial on how you can configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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