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It is a proxy is also referred to as a proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between server and a client on the internet. Without proxy, a user could send a request for the resource directly to the server and it would deliver that resource to its user directly. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and implement, adding proxies offers benefits in terms of better performance, privacy, security, and much more. In addition to being able to pass over, the proxy functions as a security guard for the internet between clients and servers.




The general consensus is that the combination of server hardware with the software that is installed to make proxy connections is commonly referred too as proxy servers. For this post, we'll focus on proxies typically described as software as well as those utilized to work in conjunction using web servers. This article will provide a detailed breakdown of two types of proxy which are a forward proxy and one called a reverse proxy. Each type is unique in its use, often confused because of the identical namesake convention.




This article will provide you with some understanding about what proxies are and what subtypes they have, and what ways they can prove useful for the most common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to discern the scenarios that a proxy could be beneficial, and decide on the best forward proxy or reverse proxy for a particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to by the name of the open proxy is a representative of a customer that attempts to transmit an internet request to an source server. In this scenario, it's the case that all requests from the client are directed to this forward proxy. In this scenario the forward proxy, instead of the client will scrutinize the request. In the beginning, it will decide whether the client is permitted to transmit requests through this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny this request and transfer it over to the original server. It's not able direct connection to the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common use for forward proxy is to achieve greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy connects to the internet as a separate client, and during this way, it could utilize a different IP address in contrast to the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it was configured in the past forward proxy servers may give you a variety of options. They allow you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Determine restrictions based on where you live.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security and permission based access, for example, in the workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy,, an administrator is able to grant only a few clients online access, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of ensuring firewalls are in place at the level of client that may include multiple machines that have different environments and users, the firewall could be installed at the layer which is responsible for forwarding proxy data.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be set up manually for be used, while reverse proxies can be not recognized by clients. Based on the fact that an IP address is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be made transparent.




There are many options to be considered in the case of forward proxies:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx is another well-known open-source webserver with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server service. Read our guide on the best method of setting up Squid proxy to allow connection with private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which makes it more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to learn how to configure an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representative of a server on the internet that handles incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server could represent a single or several servers. Furthermore, it could represent an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, a request could come in from a client through the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be delivered directly to the web server with the resources that the user wants. The reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate your website server from any interaction with the open internet.




From the perspective of a customer from a client's perspective reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with your webserver directly. It's basically the same, and the client is unable to tell the difference. The client requests a resource that is then followed by receiving it, with no additional configurations required for the end-user.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide options, such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Sending traffic to be directed according to rules that you set up.


Additional features to cache data.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy service, reverse proxy provides this benefit only to the server layer, not to the client layer. Instead of the need to maintain firewalls at the web server layer which may include multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interacting with firewalls and connecting with requests from clients far from web servers allows firewalls to focus on meeting the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers that are behind a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also in charge of how requests are routed on the server. There could be multiple web servers running within the same system, serving different kinds of resources or a mix of the two. These servers can use the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server. They can also use applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that directs clients to specific servers based on the kind of resource they're seeking, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also profit from their positioning prior to web servers, by providing the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to prevent having to connect to web servers with each request, with certain solutions offering the possibility to directly serve static assets without connecting with the server for even one time. Furthermore, reverse proxy could manage the compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also an acknowledged reverse proxy service. While you can use it, Apache web server, it is equipped with a reverse proxy features however, it's a separate option that's available to Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and was designed to perform reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality, as well as false connections to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxies are able to respond to requests as well as responses. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy services is to study the requirements of the application that you are creating.




A reverse proxy can be beneficial in the development of a solution to provide web-based services over the internet. They function as servers during any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of the client for personal use or in the workplace. They are a representation of your traffic when you are on the internet.




A distinction based on usage case instead of focusing solely at similar names can help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy, which includes two main kinds that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical application scenarios and an exploration of useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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