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The term "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is an application that acts as a mediator between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could make a request for the server directly, and then the server will provide the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and implement with proxy servers, it could provide benefits in terms of better performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as a security guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies that are traditionally described as software, as well as when referring to web servers. The article will offer details of the two primary kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, which is often confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of what subtypes and proxies can do and how they can do in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to determine the instances where using proxies can be advantageous, and then choose the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to by the name of an open proxy is an agent for the user trying to send an online request to an source server. In this scenario, the entire process of sending requests from the client is instead sent by an forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will review the request. It will first determine if clients are authorized to send requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny requests or redirect them to the server that originally made the request. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet. It has access to only the information that forward proxy enables it to connect to.




The primary reason for people for using forward proxy is the need for greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy links to the internet instead of the client, and in this way, it is using an IP address different from the original IP address of the client.




Based on how it was created, the forward proxy will offer various functions based on how it is configured that allows you to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that offer security centrally and access based on permissions, for instance, in workplaces. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy an administrator can limit access to a limited number of users accessing the internet, which is blocked by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, which may include multiple machines with different settings and users, the firewall can be set up at the layer which forwards proxy traffic.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to use and reverse proxies can be ignored in the eyes of the user. Depending on the type IP address a user is transmitted to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are a variety of possibilities to consider when considering forward proxy options:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server system. We've got a guide on how you can use Squid proxy to enable private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer connections. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an agent for a web server that handles incoming requests from users for. The web server may consist of a single server or multiple servers. It could also serve for application servers, like Gunicorn. The request will come through the internet generally. Most of the time, your request is transmitted direct to a server that hosts the resources that the user wants. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating this webserver from direct connections with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with the webserver in direct contact. It's basically the same however the client cannot recognize the difference. A client submits an order for an item and gets it, without further configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Direction of the traffic that is entering is based on rules you set up.


The caching feature was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this benefit to only the server layer, and not to the layer of clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the layer of web servers, which could contain several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is placed in the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of dealing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients who do not have web servers lets them focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the event that there's a multitude of servers operating as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for the direction of the requests directed to which servers. There could be several web servers offering the same service, but each having different resources, or a mix of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol to operate as a normal web server, however they can also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. There is the possibility to create reverse proxy servers that redirects users to certain servers based on the requested resource, or to conform to specific guidelines for the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning above web servers by offering the capability to store data. Massive static resources can be configured by using caching rules in order to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Certain solutions allow users to upload static files directly without having to connect to the servers in any manner. Furthermore reverse proxy can be used to compress these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a very popular reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server comes with reverse proxy capability as an extra option for Apache while Nginx was originally designed and is focused exclusively on its reverse proxy function.



Distinguishing Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons are made to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing because both kinds of proxy servers handle the process of responding to requests. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the design of a method to offer web-based services over the internet. They serve as your web servers whenever you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is placed in front of customers for personal use or even in a working environment. They represent the client's activity when you use the internet.




The use of case-based distinction instead of using commonly used naming conventions can assist in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article delineated the meaning of a proxy with the two main types that are forward and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use them and a discussion of the most beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the advantages for proxy servers read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an Internet server and reverse proxy to Apache using Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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