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An proxy is also known by the name of a proxy. is software that acts in the role of intermediaries between client and server over the internet. If there was no proxy in place, the user could send a request for every resource straight to server, and servers would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and use the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages including increased speed, privacy and security, among others. In addition to providing a layer of protection, proxies act as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




The consensus is that the server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is often known as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies traditionally defined as software, specifically in relation with web server. We will give a synopsis of the two primary types of proxies that are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use, which could be confusing because of the identical name convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of what proxies and their subtypes, and what they can do for the most common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to know the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy and determine the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as the open proxy is a proxy for the user who wishes to transmit a request through the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will rather be directed via an forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in instead of the user will review the request. It first decides if the client is authorized to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either deny the request or forward it to the server from which it originated. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet; it can only be able to access the information that forward proxy grants its access.




The most common applications for forward proxy servers is greater security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in lieu of an individual client, and can use another IP address, in contrast to the IP address used by the user.




Depending on how it's set up, and how it's set up, forward proxy may offer various features and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to offer central security and permit-based access, like in workplaces. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet, which is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer which may include multiple machines with different settings and types of users, the firewall may be placed the proxy layer that is in front.




Be aware that forward proxies should be manually configured for be used, while reverse proxies can be ignored by the client. Based on the type of IP address of a client is sent to the server which originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or made transparent.




There are a variety of options to take into consideration when deciding on forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is a popular open-source webserver, which comes with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open forward proxy open source that uses the HTTP protocol. It does not contain the whole web server. We recommend you read our guide on how for installing Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more appropriate for situations such as peer-to-peer communication. You can also check out how to set up a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as the web server, which handles requests from customers on behalf of the server. It can be used as a single server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can comprise an application server, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations it is possible to send a request via the web in general. In most cases the request is made directly to the web server with all the resources the client requires. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, separating your website server from communicating with the internet's users.




From a consumer's point of view from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy is not different from connecting to an internet server direct. It's functionally identical, however clients aren't aware of the difference. The client requests the resource, and it then gets it without any additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies provide options like:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


The direction of traffic that is based on rules that you set up.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxies give this benefit only to the server layer, not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls on the server level that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients not connected to web servers permits them to focus on only the needs of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers hosted by reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests to the servers. Multiple web servers could be serving the same resource, serving different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They can utilize their HTTP protocol as a normal web server, but they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers based on the request for service, or adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also utilize their positioning before web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static files can be set by caching rules to avoid from reaching web servers with each time a request is made. There are solutions that offer the option of serving static content directly, without having to interact with a webserver. Additionally, reverse proxy can help compress these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities, Apache web server has the ability to reverse proxy as an additional feature that is available to Apache however Nginx was initially designed focus on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic could be confusing because both kinds of proxies handle requests and response. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to study the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an important aspect in the design of a method to run websites on the internet. They serve as servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy is useful to display customers' information to your personal use or even in a workplace. They represent the client's information when you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on usage case instead of focusing solely on naming conventions that are similar will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified definition of a proxy with two types of them being the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested in exploring the role of proxy servers, learn how to set up Nginx as a web server as well as reverse proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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