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The term "proxy" is a reference to the concept of a proxy also referred to a proxy server, a software which acts to act as an intermediary for client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, users could send a request for resources direct to the server then the server could then provide the requested resource directly at the requester's expense. Although this method is easy to understand and use, using proxies has benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware with installed proxy software is also often referred too as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies typically considered to be software, specifically, in relation to servers on the internet. The article will offer a description of the two major kinds, namely one being a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is often confused due to the similar terms.




This article will give you the understanding of the types of proxy and what their subtypes are and the way they work in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able to identify situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the right choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes referred to as an open proxy, acts as an intermediary for clients trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this scenario, the entire effort to send requests from the user is transmitted via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place of the client, will look into the request. In the beginning, it will determine if the client is able to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny requests or redirect them to the origin server. The client is not capable of having an internet connection directly. It is only able to access what the forward proxy permits the client to connect.




A common use case of forward proxy services is to obtain more privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as a client and, in doing so, it can use an alternative IP address in addition to the client's initial IP address.




Based on how it's been configured according to the way it was configured forward proxy may offer a range of features and allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find limitations based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems of centralized security and access based on permissions, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy, administrators can allow access to only a few people to connect on the internet, which is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the layer of clients that could be used by multiple computers with different configurations and users and environments, a firewall may be added to the proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be configured manually and reverse proxies can be ignored by the client. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is transmitted to the server where it was received through the forward proxy, anonymity and privacy can be granted or denied.




There are many possibilities to look into for forward proxy possibilities:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy based on the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server system. You can refer to our step-by-step guide to installing Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which is better suited for usage in situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to configure an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to web servers, which handles the incoming requests of customers on behalf of the server. The web server could function as a one server, or a number of servers. Furthermore, it could be used for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any event it is possible to send a request via the internet at large. Most often the request will be sent directly to the web server with what the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary, shielding the web server from direct communication with the internet's open.




From a user's point of perception, the experience with reverse proxy isn't a lot different than using the server on its own. It's exactly the same thing, however clients aren't able discern the difference. The client can make a request for the resource and it receive it, without any additional configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer services such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


The caching function is now available to users.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this service at the layer of web servers, but not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is focused at reverse proxy layers. Additionally, getting rid of the hassle of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers lets them concentrate on the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also manages the flow of requests to each server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same service, each offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol, which is a standard web server. However, they could also include application server protocols like FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the service requested or to follow certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantage from their position prior to web servers by offering the capability to store data. The large static files can be managed with caching rules to ensure that they avoid the web server from being hit on every request. Certain software solutions let you offer static files directly by not connecting with the website server. In addition the reverse proxy may manage the compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server is also a reliable reverse proxy solution. While you can use Nginx, the Apache web server with reverse proxy features, it is an additional option for Apache and Nginx was designed originally for and is focused specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both kinds of proxy can handle requests and responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy could be beneficial when designing an application to run web-based applications via the internet. They serve as your web servers for all interactions on the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed in front of customers either for personal use, or in the corporate setting. They are a representation of the customer's data every time you use the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing solely on standard naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy having two types: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use as well as an examination of useful characteristics were used to determine the two types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies then we suggest you read our guide on how you can install Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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